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两千年前,罗马的建筑理论家维特鲁维斯指出:“一切建筑均需坚固、适用、美观。”①这句话成了古代建筑理论的名言。我国建筑界长期以来也因循这个认识,把建筑的两重性(“既是物质产品,又是艺术创作”)和建筑的三要素(功能;物质条件;建筑形象),作为研究建筑理论的基本前提。但是,这种“两重性”也好,“三要素”也好,都不是从分析建筑内部矛盾着手,都没有真正捕捉住建筑的内在矛盾,因而给建筑理论研究带来很大的局限。 究竟什么是建筑②的内在矛盾呢?这是我们研究建筑理论首先应该探索的。
Two thousand years ago, architectural theorist Vitruvius of Rome pointed out: “Every building needs to be sturdy, applicable, beautiful.” 1 This phrase has become the famous saying of ancient architectural theory. The Chinese construction industry has followed this understanding for a long time. The duality of architecture (“both material products and art creation”) and the three elements of architecture (functions; material conditions; architectural image) are the basic preconditions for the study of architectural theory. However, this kind of “doubleness” or “three elements” is not based on an analysis of the internal contradictions of the building. It did not really capture the internal contradictions of the building, and therefore it has brought great limitations to the study of architectural theory. What exactly is the inherent contradiction of architecture 2? This is the first thing we should explore in the study of architectural theory.