世界上电价定价有两种模式:一种是成本加成模式,即中国《电力法》规定的成本加利润加税金的定价模式,这是市场经济国家电力工业垄断经营条件下的电价定价模式;另一种是竞争定价模式,即英美近期提倡的在发电和销售环节引入竞争机制,在电力市场上通过竞争确定电价。其实两种定价模式都是市场经济条件下的定价模式,前者是垄断经营条件下的定价模式,后者是竞争条件下的定价模式。但是在中国,人们往往把成本加成定价模式看成是传统计划经济条件下的电力定价模式,而把竞争性定价模式看作是市场经济条件下的定价模式,似乎都青睐竞争定价模式。电力企业赞成竞争定价模式,以为竞争定价可以摆脱政府控制价格,电力工业可以藉此走向市场;社会赞成竞争定价模式,以为可以像英国那样,通过电力市场竞争可以降低电价。我们究竟应该如何看待两种定价模式呢? There are two models of pricing electricity in the world: one is the cost plus model, which is the cost plus profit and tax pricing model stipulated in China’s “Electricity Law”, which is the pricing model of electricity price under the monopolistic operation of the state power industry in the market economy; The other is the competitive pricing model, which is the recent introduction by Britain and the United States of the introduction of competition mechanisms in the power generation and sales sectors to determine the price of electricity through competition in the electricity market. In fact, both pricing models are pricing models in the market economy. The former is a pricing model under monopoly conditions and the latter is a pricing model under competitive conditions. However, in China, people often consider the cost-plus pricing model as the electricity pricing model under the traditional planned economy. However, considering the pricing model as the pricing model under the market economy appears to favor the pricing model. Electricity companies favor the competitive pricing model, in order to price competition can get rid of government-controlled prices, the power industry can take this to market; society in favor of competitive pricing model, that can be like the United Kingdom, through the electricity market competition can reduce electricity prices. How should we think of two pricing models?