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潜伏感染的静息记忆CD4+T细胞是清除HIV-1病毒的一个重要障碍。处于潜伏状态的病毒多以原病毒c DNA的形式整合至宿主基因组中,但是病毒基因表达处于沉默状态,因此潜伏感染的细胞难以受到病毒的致细胞病变效应或机体特异性细胞毒性T细胞的杀伤,也不易受到抗反转录病毒治疗药物的作用。如何减少潜伏感染的细胞储存库是艾滋病治疗中亟需解决的一个问题。体内及体外HIV-1潜伏感染模型有助于深入了解HIV-1潜伏感染的建立、维持或打破机制,评价潜伏感染再激活剂的活性。在此侧重于介绍采用永生化细胞系、原代静息CD4~+T细胞或活化的CD4+T细胞建立的HIV-1潜伏感染体外实验模型。
Latent infected resting memory CD4 + T cells are an important hurdle to eradicate the HIV-1 virus. Latent viruses are mostly integrated into the host genome in the form of proviral c DNA, but viral gene expression is silenced, so that latent infected cells are less likely to be affected by the cytopathic effect of the virus or by the body-specific cytotoxic T cells , Is not susceptible to antiretroviral drugs. How to reduce the latent infected cell bank is an urgent problem to be solved in the treatment of AIDS. In vivo and in vitro HIV-1 latent infection models help to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the establishment, maintenance or disruption of HIV-1 latent infection and to assess the activity of latent infection reactivators. Here we focus on the in vitro experimental model of latent HIV-1 infection established by immortalized cell lines, primary resting CD4 ~ + T cells or activated CD4 + T cells.