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远缘杂交技术是将小麦野生近缘植物的染色体片段导入小麦的有效途径。通过这种方法可以拓宽小麦的遗传基础,导入控制优异性状的基因,从而达到改良小麦的目的。为了获得在小麦遗传育种中具有较高研究利用价值的纯合小麦-冰草小片段异源染色体易位系,利用细胞学手段对普通小麦-冰草的远缘杂交后代进行鉴定。本研究以小麦-冰草二体代换系4844-8、二体附加系4844-12与普通小麦杂交后辐照产生的易位系为材料,利用基因组原位杂交(GISH)技术从中鉴定出2个具有冰草染色体小片段的纯合中间插入易位系,其中易位系104-3高抗小麦白粉病、高千粒重;易位系19-2具有较高的穗粒数和较高的千粒重。本研究表明,2个纯合中间插入易位系是丰富小麦基因资源的优异遗传材料,具有较高的研究利用价值。
The distant hybridization technique is an effective way to introduce the chromosome segments of wild relatives of wheat into wheat. By this method, we can broaden the genetic basis of wheat and introduce genes that control excellent traits, so as to achieve the purpose of improving wheat. In order to obtain the heterologous chromosome translocation line of homozygous wheat-Agropyron fragment with higher research value in wheat genetic breeding, the distant hybridization progeny of common wheat-Agropyron was identified by cytology. In this study, the translocation line of wheat-Agropyron exchange line 4844-8 and the two-line addition line 4844-12 and common wheat were used as materials to identify the translocation lines by using the technique of in situ hybridization (GISH) Two homozygous crosses with two small fragments of Agropyron chinense were inserted into the translocation line, in which translocation line 104-3 was highly resistant to powdery mildew and high-thousand-grain weight; the translocation line 19-2 had a higher number of grains per spike and higher Thousand grain weight. This study shows that the 2 homozygous translocation lines are excellent genetic materials for enriching wheat genetic resources and have high research and utilization value.