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1976年青海省小麦白秆病大发生,主要病征是在穗颈节上形成中心干草色、边缘浅黄褐色长条斑,使茎秆的一部分或大部变为灰白色,呈现典型的白秆症状。在叶鞘上的病斑长椭圆形,1—2×1.5—6毫米,中心干草色,边缘浅黄褐色。病组织切片显示,病原菌侵染植株后,可在气孔腔内形成分生孢子器。分生孢子器埋生,近球形到椭圆形,有孔口,大小33—90×45—145微米。器壁厚6.4—8.0微米,由黄褐色、不规则、大小为1.55—2.07×3.11—4.14微米的拟薄壁细胞组成。分生孢子梗瓶形,1.55×3.11微米。分生孢子镰形到新月形,无色透明,无隔膜,具钝尖,有的一端稍粗,16—20.8×1.6—2.4微米。病原菌的生长最适温度为10—15℃,25℃生长受到抑制,30℃死亡,属低温菌;在0—20℃,分生孢子器孢子从两端和弓背上都可以萌发;纯培养的研究表明,病原真菌有三种培养形态,特征不同,对小麦致病力的类型也有较大差异。比较了已知壳月孢种的分类学特征,认为此病原菌应为芦竹壳月孢气孔生变种的新的生态类群。
In 1976, the white stalk disease occurred in Qinghai province. The main symptom was the formation of the central hay color on the panicle neck and the light brown edge of the stalk. The part of the stalk or most of the stalk turned gray and white, showing typical white stalk symptoms. Lesions on leaf sheaths oblong, 1-2 × 1.5-6 mm, center hay, margin teal. Systematic biopsy showed that pathogen invaded the plant and formed conidia in the stomatal cavity. Conidia buried, nearly spherical to oval, with orifices, the size of 33-90 × 45-145 microns. The wall thickness of the device is 6.4-8.0 microns and consists of quasi-parenchyma cells of amber-brown, irregular size of 1.55-2.07 × 3.11-4.14 μm. Conidiophores bottle-shaped, 1.55 × 3.11 microns. Conidia sickle-shaped to the crescent, colorless and transparent, without diaphragm, blunt tip, and some slightly coarse at one end, 16-20.8 × 1.6-2.4 microns. Pathogen growth optimum temperature of 10-15 ℃, 25 ℃ growth was inhibited, 30 ℃ death, is a low temperature bacteria; at 0-20 ℃, conidia spores from both ends and bow back can germination; pure culture The research shows that there are three kinds of pathogenic fungi culture characteristics, different characteristics of the pathogenicity of wheat are also quite different types. The taxonomic characteristics of the known species of Mycoplasma sp. Were compared. It is concluded that the pathogen should be a new ecotype of the genus Asparagus.