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目的:探讨孕期跑台训练对子代大鼠海马神经元树突棘发育及脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF)表达的影响。方法:健康SPF级雌性SD大鼠自然受孕，将孕鼠按照随机数字表法分为对照组(CON组)和跑台训练组(TE组)，每组6只。CON组孕鼠安静饲养，TE组孕鼠给予3周的跑台运动干预，每天60 min，每周5 d。跑台训练设置参数：电动平板斜度为0°；履带传输速度前5 min为8 m/min，中间25 min为10 m/min，最后30 min为12 m/min。孕0 d(记为G0)开始每隔2 d记录两组孕鼠体质量变化。孕21 d(记为G21)时孕鼠置于安静环境中待产。采用Western blot方法检测子代大鼠生后0 d、7 d、14 d、28 d(分别记为P0、P7、P14、P28)海马BDNF表达变化；P28采用高尔基染色法检测子代大鼠海马神经元树突棘密度改变。采用SPSS 19. 0软件对数据进行统计分析，孕鼠体质量数据采用重复测量方差分析，神经元树突棘数据采用n t检验分析。n 结果:高尔基染色显示，子代大鼠P28时，TE组大鼠海马CA1区神经元树突棘密度(11.330±0.558)较CON组(9.667±0.422)显著增加，差异有统计学意义(n t＝2.384，n P<0.05)。Western blot结果显示，与CON组比较，TE组子代大鼠海马BDNF蛋白的相对表达水平在P0[(1.001±0.206)，(2.027±0.240);n t＝3.244，n P<0.05]、P7[(1.003±0.152)，(2.077±0.172);n t＝4.669，n P<0.05]、P14[(1.005±0.160)，(1.562±0.178)；n t＝3.329，n P<0.05]、P28[(1.004±0.196)，(1.790±0.191);n t＝2.875，n P<0.05]时均显著升高，差异有统计学意义。n 结论:孕期跑台训练能够促进子代大鼠海马神经元树突棘发育，可能与促进海马组织内BDNF表达有关。“,”Objective:To explore the effects of treadmill training during pregnancy on the development of dendritic spines and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampal neurons of offspring rats.Methods:According to the random number table, the natural pregnant healthy SPF female rats were divided into control group (CON group) and treadmill training group (TE group), with 6 rats in each group. The pregnant rats in CON group were fed quietly, while those in TE group were given treadmill exercise intervention 60 minutes a day with 5 days a week for 3 weeks. The setting parameters of treadmill training: the slope of electric flat plate was 0°, the track transmission speed was 8 m/min in the first 5 min, 10 m/min in the middle 25 min, and 12 m/min in the last 30 min.The body weight changes of pregnant rats in the two groups were recorded every two days from gestation of 0 day (G0). On day 21 of gestation (G21), the pregnant mice were placed in a quiet environment for labor. The expression of BDNF in hippocampus was detected by Western blot at 0, 7, 14 and 28 days after birth (P0, P7, P14, P28) respectively. The density of dendritic spines in hippocampus was detected by Golgi staining on P28. SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data. Repeated measurement ANOVA was used to analyze the body weight of pregnant rats. n t-test was used to analyze the data of neuronal dendritic spines.n Results:Golgi staining showed that at P28, the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 area of TE group(11.330±0.558) was significantly higher than that of CON group (9.667±0.422), and the difference was statistically significant (n t=2.384, n P<0.05). Compared with CON group, the relative expression level of BDNF protein in the hippocampus of offspring rats of TE group was significantly higher at P0: ((1.001±0.206), (2.027±0.240),n t=3.244, n P<0.05), P7: ((1.003±0.152), (2.077±0.172),n t=4.669, n P<0.05), P14: ((1.005±0.160), (1.562±0.178),n t=3.329, n P<0.05) and P28: ((1.004±0.196), (1.790±0.191),n t=2.875, n P<0.05), and the differences were statistically significant.n Conclusion:Treadmill training during pregnancy can promote the development of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons of offspring rats, which may be related to the promotion of BDNF expression in hippocampus.