一、含义为原发于肝病(如急慢性肝炎、肝硬变、肝癌等)所引起的神经精神症状。其先兆的特征为精神错乱、意识不清及运动系统障碍(如扑翼样震颤以及各种反射亢进等)。肝昏迷虽为上述肝病的一种晚期表现,但并非所有的患者在肝昏迷时都出现严重的肝功能障碍;反之,也有的患者虽然肝功能已经表现明显恶化,但亦可以不出现昏迷。这说明,在引起肝昏迷的发病原理方面是非常复杂的,虽经数十年的临床和实验室研究,但对造成肝昏迷的确切原理,还不完全清楚。大量的临床实践和基础理论研究,在近年来对肝昏迷的诊断、治疗和预防方面积累了许多经验,因而对抢救肝昏迷和治疗防止肝昏迷,起到不少积极作用。二、病理基础(一)肝昏迷必须是在有肝病的基础上引起的精神神经症状,严重者则可陷入完全昏迷、这时应与其他疾病(如脑血管意外,中枢神经系统传染病,尿毒症或呼吸,心血管病)所造成的昏迷相鉴别。(二)引起肝昏迷的原发病 First, the meaning of the primary liver disease (such as acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, etc.) caused by neuropsychiatric symptoms. Its aura is characterized by insanity, confusion and motor system disorders (such as flapping-wing tremor and a variety of hyperreflexia, etc.). Although hepatic coma is an advanced manifestation of the above liver diseases, not all patients experience severe hepatic dysfunction during hepatic coma. Conversely, some patients may not show coma even though their liver function has been significantly deteriorated. This shows that in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma is very complicated, although after decades of clinical and laboratory studies, but the exact principle of causing hepatic coma, is not yet fully understood. A large number of clinical practice and basic theoretical research in recent years has accumulated a lot of experience in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hepatic coma, thus playing a positive role in rescuing hepatic coma and preventing hepatic coma. Second, the pathological basis (a) hepatic coma must be based on liver disease caused by neurological symptoms, severe cases can fall into complete coma, then with other diseases (such as cerebrovascular accident, central nervous system diseases, uremia Disease or breathing, cardiovascular disease) caused by the coma phase identification. (B) the primary cause of hepatic coma