根据19世纪对感染性病原体及传播方式的认识,随着公共卫生措施的改善,抗生素的发现和应用以及引入全球性儿童计划免疫,显著地降低了感染性疾病的发病率。然而自1980年初,因感染性疾病所致死亡率却出现回升趋势,并且延续到90年代。这倾向产生的原因是因为出现了艾滋病、结核病重新回升(出现对多种药物耐药菌株)、由于耐药病原体所致院内感染增加以及新感染性病原体的出现等。 Based on the 19th century knowledge of infectious pathogens and modes of transmission, the discovery and use of antibiotics and the introduction of global child immunization have significantly reduced the incidence of infectious diseases with improvements in public health practices. However, since the beginning of 1980, the mortality rate due to infectious diseases showed a rising trend, which lasted until the 1990s. This propensity arises because of the emergence of AIDS, the resurgence of tuberculosis (emergence of drug-resistant strains of many drugs), the increase of nosocomial infections due to drug-resistant pathogens and the emergence of new infectious pathogens.