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解放以来,我国电力工业、采煤工业等都得到了飞速发展,但由于原来的基础薄弱,再加上受到各种干扰,因此发电量和煤产量还远不能满足国民经济发展和广大群众生活的需要。全国还有约50％的生产队没有用上电,近一半农户每年缺3～6个月的燃料,农民为此不得不寻取一切可燃之物,不仅浪费了大量劳力,而且使生态受到大面积的破坏。解放以来,水土流失面积从116万平方公里扩大到150万平方公里,沙漠面积从10亿亩扩展到19亿亩,森林复盖率只有8％,土壤有机质含量下降到危险的水平,全国每年受灾的耕地面积扩大到6亿余亩。凡此种种,都和农村生活能源严重短缺密切相关。要实现四个现代化,解决农村能源短缺问题已是刻不容缓的了。改善已建电站的经济效果,合理开发小水电,是解决农村能源问题的重要途径之一。本文分八个方面评述国内外小水电站建设经验。
Since the liberation, China’s power industry, coal mining industry have been rapid development, but because of the original foundation is weak, coupled with all kinds of interference, so the power generation and coal production is far from satisfied with the national economy and the general public life need. About 50% of the country’s entire production team is left without electricity. Nearly half of the rural households lack fuel for 3 to 6 months each year. Farmers have to find all combustible materials for this purpose, not only waste a great deal of labor but also make the environment greatly affected The destruction of the area. Since the liberation, the area of soil and water loss has been expanded from 1.16 million km2 to 1.5 million km2, the desert area has expanded from 1.0 billion mu to 1.9 billion mu, the coverage rate of forest has only reached 8%, and the content of soil organic matter has dropped to a dangerous level. Of the arable land expanded to more than 600 million mu. All these are closely related to the serious shortage of energy in rural areas. To achieve the four modernizations, it is an urgent task to solve the problem of energy shortage in rural areas. Improving the economic performance of the power stations already built and developing small hydropower rationally are one of the important ways to solve the rural energy problems. This article reviews the experience of construction of small hydropower stations in eight aspects at home and abroad.