目的:探讨成年大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)向神经细胞体外定向诱导分化的条件。方法:从正常SD大鼠骨髓中分离获取MSC,体外培养扩增纯化后传代于塑料培养皿中,采用丁羟茴醚(BHA)和二甲亚砜(DMSO)对传至3～5代的细胞进行体外诱导分化,采用免疫细胞化学对诱导后的细胞进行鉴定。结果:诱导1 h、2 h、3 h后有部分细胞表达神经干细胞标志蛋白nestin,且随诱导时间延长呈下降趋势;诱导5 h后,大部分细胞具有典型神经元形态,表达神经元标志物-神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE),少部分细胞呈星型胶质细胞状,表达胶质细胞标志物-胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)。结论:骨髓间充质干细胞可以在体外培养扩增并诱导成为神经元样细胞和星型胶质样细胞。 Objective: To investigate the conditions of induced differentiation of adult rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into nerve cells in vitro. Methods: MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of normal SD rats and cultured in vitro. The MSCs were passaged and purified in vitro and then passaged into plastic petri dishes. BHA and DMSO were passaged to passage 3 to passage 5 The cells were induced to differentiate in vitro, and the induced cells were identified by immunocytochemistry. Results: After induced for 1 h, 2 h and 3 h, some cells expressed nestin, which is a marker of neural stem cells, and showed a decreasing trend with the prolongation of induction time. After 5 h of induction, most of the cells showed typical neuronal morphology and expressed neuron markers - Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a small number of cells was astrocytic, glial cell marker expression glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). CONCLUSION: BMSCs can be cultured and expanded in vitro to induce into neuron-like cells and astrocyte-like cells.