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老年人体内各器官的实质细胞均趋于减少和萎缩,其功能也较青年人下降50%左右。因此,老年人对心血管系统药物的毒副反应较青年人多见。老年人心血管系统的功能衰退主要表现在压力感受器、心脏和有关植物神经系统的反应障碍,血压调节机能不全,静脉压力和外周阻力增加。因此,继发于利尿剂、交感阻断剂、亚硝酸类及普鲁卡因酰胺等药物的体位性低血压反应也随之增加。
The parenchyma cells in the organs of the elderly tend to decrease and shrink, and their functions are also reduced by about 50% compared with those in young people. As a result, the elderly have more toxic side effects on cardiovascular system drugs than younger people. The functional decline of the elderly cardiovascular system is mainly manifested in baroreceptor, cardiac and related autonomic nervous system disorders, impaired blood pressure regulation, increased venous pressure and peripheral resistance. Therefore, secondary to diuretics, sympathetic blockers, nitrites and procaine amide drugs such as orthostatic hypotensive reactions also will increase.