党的十五届四中、五中全会提出，坚持“有进有退、有所为有所不为”的方针，使国有经济从一般竞争性领域中逐步有序退出。这就为国有企业产权制度改革指出了明确目标。如何实现这一目标，国有企业通过多年改革实践，探索出许多有效途径，“两个置换”就是一种具有创新意义的探 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee and the Fifth Plenary Session of the 15th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the principle that “there are progressions and retreats, and others do something for nothing,” so that the state-owned economy will gradually and gradually be withdrawn from the general competitive fields. This pointed out a definite goal for the reform of property rights in state-owned enterprises. How to achieve this goal, SOEs have explored many effective ways through many years of reform and practice. “Two permutations” is an innovative exploration.