论文部分内容阅读
1980～1982年初步观察了稳定的异源八倍体小黑麦(WR)和小黑麦间杂交后代、F_1、F_2、F_3、F_4、F_5代材料。见到:在 WR、F_1、F_2、F_3、F_4、F_5代材料中,花粉母细胞减数分裂异常的现象,频率较高,WR 畸变频率高,F_1次之,F_2频率稍低。基本是由 F_1-F_5随着代数的增高而畸变频率降低。材料均有染色体组型的畸变现象。染色体落后现象很普遍及四分孢子中多有落后染色体形成的小核。由于远缘杂交使染色体结构和染色体数目变异,有丝分裂和减数分裂异常。导致生殖细胞败育,是造成子粒不饱满和结实率低的主要原因。其次还有胚乳的畸变和生理方面的因素及外界环境条件的影响。小黑麦是人工创造出的新物种,它具有小麦和黑麦双亲的优点,抗逆性和抗病性强,丰产性好,蛋白质和赖氨酸的含量高,茎、秆含糖量和粗蛋白量高,牛、羊耐吃是很好的饲用作物和粮食作物,它有广阔的发展前途。但因饱满度差和结实率低,使小黑麦育种进展缓慢,并影响大面积种植。查明小黑麦饱满度差和结实率低的原因,对小黑麦育种、繁殖、推广具有重要作用和现实意义。
From 1980 to 1982, the hybrid progenies, F_1, F_2, F_3, F_4, and F_5 generations from the stable heterosexual octagonal triticale (WR) and triticale were observed. The results showed that the abnormal meiosis of pollen mother cells was higher in WR, F_1, F_2, F_3, F_4 and F_5 generations. The frequency of WR was higher, the frequency of WR distortion was higher, the frequency of F_1 was lower and the frequency of F_2 was lower. Basically by F_1-F_5 with the increase of algebra and distortion frequency decreases. Materials have a chromosomal aberration phenomenon. Chromosomal backwardness is very common and many of the tetradospores have small nuclei formed by backward chromosomes. As a result of distant hybridization chromosomal structure and chromosome number variation, mitosis and meiosis abnormalities. Leading to abortion of germ cells, which is the main reason for the lack of full grain and low seed setting rate. Second, there are endosperm distortion and physiological factors and external environmental conditions. Triticale is a new artificially created species that has the advantages of parents of wheat and rye, strong resistance to disease and disease, high yield, high protein and lysine content, High crude protein, cattle, sheep eat good food crops and food crops, it has broad prospects for development. However, due to poor plumpness and low seed setting rate, the progress of triticale breeding is slow and affects large-scale planting. It is important and practical to find out the reasons why the whole rye plumpness is poor and its seed setting rate is low, which will play an important role in the breeding, breeding and popularization of triticale.