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低钾血症是指血清钾低于3.5mmol/L(3.5mEq/L).当体内缺钾达300mmol以上时,血清钾才会降低.除少数几种情况(如低钾性周期性麻痹)外,低钾血症大都伴有细胞内钾的丢失.严重的低钾血症,可危及病人生命,属内科急症.1 病因及发病机理低钾血症发生的原因:①摄入少;②丢失多;③钾在体内分布异常.现分述如下:1.1 摄入少 钾在食物中,特别是肉类、水果、蔬菜中含量非常丰富、故由于摄入钾少而引起的缺钾在临床上并不多见.即使进食少,因细胞内含钾丰富,其分解代谢可将钾释放到血液中,以防止低血钾的发生.正常人每日摄入钾40～120mmol,当每日摄入钾15～20mmol时.尿及粪便排出钾的量减少并不明显,到4～7天后,排出量才减少.此时体内缺钾量已达250mmol.当每日摄入钾1～10mmol时,尿及粪便排出钾虽有明显减少.但仍较摄入为多,可持续21天之久.厌食、禁食、拒食的病人,因摄入钾少,机体对保钾功能并不完善,时间较久,就会发生低钾血症.1.2 丢失过多 钾的丢失可分为肾外及肾性丢失两种.
Hypokalemia refers to serum potassium less than 3.5mmol / L (3.5mEq / L). When potassium deficiency in the body of more than 300mmol, serum potassium will be reduced.In addition to a few cases (such as hypokalemic periodic paralysis) In addition, hypokalemia mostly associated with intracellular potassium loss.Serious hypokalemia, which can endanger the patient’s life, is a medical emergency.1 Etiology and pathogenesisHypokalemia occurred because: ① less intake; ② Lost more; ③ potassium distribution in the body abnormalities are as follows: 1.1 intake of less potassium in food, especially meat, fruits, vegetables content is very rich, it is due to potassium intake caused by potassium deficiency in the clinical On the rare and even eat less due to the cells rich in potassium, the catabolism of potassium can be released into the blood in order to prevent the occurrence of hypokalemia normal daily intake of potassium 40 ~ 120mmol, when the daily Potassium intake 15 ~ 20mmol when urinary and excretion of urine excretion of potassium is not obvious, to 4 to 7 days after the discharge was reduced when the amount of potassium has reached 250mmol body when the daily intake of potassium 1 ~ 10mmol , Urinary excretion and excretion of potassium although significantly reduced, but still more than intake, sustainable 21 days.Anorexia, fasting, antifeedant patients, due to intake of potassium Less, the body is not perfect potassium function, a long time, hypokalemia occurs .1.2 loss of excess potassium can be divided into two kinds of loss of extrarenal and renal.