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目的:探讨天津地区2015年6月至2019年4月儿童血清变应原特异性IgE(sIgE)的分布情况及其特点。方法:对5 823例天津地区l～14岁儿童UniCAP系统(荧光酶联免疫法)血清变应原sIgE检测结果进行分析，探讨血清变应原sIgE的分布及其与性别、病种、年龄、季节的相关性。结果:1.在5 823例儿童中血清变应原sIgE阳性者3 602例(61.86%)；其中单纯气传变应原阳性1 556例(43.20%)，单纯食物变应原阳性779例(21.63%)，食物及气传变应原双重阳性1 267例(35.17%)。2.气传变应原阳性率前5位的依次为霉菌类(33.02%)、粉尘螨(27.21%)、户尘螨(24.28%)、艾蒿(21.64%)和豚草(17.32%)。3.食物变应原以鸡蛋白、牛奶及小麦为主，阳性率分别为27.06%、25.59%及20.00%。4.男童阳性率(64.02%)高于女童(57.93%)，差异有统计学意义(n χ2＝20.94，n P<0.05)。5.支气管哮喘(哮喘)患儿血清变应原sIgE阳性率(73.18%)高于变应性鼻炎患儿(59.82%)及湿疹患儿(51.60%)，差异均有统计学意义(n χ2＝64.51、40.04，均n P<0.05)；哮喘患儿气传主要变应原为霉菌类、粉尘螨、户尘螨、小麦、花生；变应性鼻炎患儿主要变应原为霉菌类、鸡蛋白、小麦、艾蒿和粉尘螨；湿疹患儿主要变应原为鸡蛋白、牛奶、霉菌类、粉尘螨和户尘螨。6.随年龄增长，气传变应原sIgE阳性率逐渐升高；食物变应原sIgE中，牛奶、鸡蛋白阳性率逐渐下降，小麦及花生阳性率逐渐上升。7.不同季节变应原sIgE阳性率不同，总阳性率以夏季(66.59%)最高，秋春季(64.15%、62.07%)次之，冬季(54.63%)最低，差异有统计学意义(n χ2＝49.38，n P<0.05)；气传变应原中，粉尘螨、户尘螨在夏秋季节(粉尘螨：32.25%和30.17%；户尘螨：30.40%和27.54%)最高，霉菌类在夏季(45.41%)最高，其次是秋季(36.19%)；德国小蠊主要在夏季(5.52%)最高；猫毛皮屑、动物皮毛组合、艾蒿及杂草类花粉组合在秋季阳性率较高，分别为33.33%、13.94%、24.84%及19.88%。n 结论:霉菌类、粉尘螨、户尘螨、鸡蛋白和牛奶为天津地区儿童最常见的变应原。变应原的分布与儿童性别、病种、年龄、季节均有相关性。“,”Objective:To investigate the distribution and characteristics of serum allergen specific IgE (sIgE) in children in Tianjin from June 2015 to April 2019.Methods:The fluorescence enzyme linked immunosorbent assay results (obtained by UniCAP system) of serum allergen sIgE of 5 823 children aged 1-14 in Tianjin area were analyzed.The distribution of serum allergen sIgE and its correlation with the gender, disease type, age and season were discussed.Results:(1) Among the 5 823 cases, 3 602 cases (61.86%) were positive for serum allergen sIgE, including 1 556 cases (43.20%) positive for single airborne allergens, 779 cases (21.63%) positive for single food allergens, 1 267 cases (35.17%) positive for both food and airborne allergens.(2) The top 5 airborne allergens were moulds (33.02%), dermatophagoides farinae (27.21%), dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (24.28%), mugwort (21.64%) and ragweed (17.32%). (3) Food allergens were mainly egg white, milk and wheat, whose positive rates were 27.06%, 25.59% and 20.00%, respectively.(4) The positive rate of serum allergen sIgE in boys (64.02%) was significantly higher than that in girls (57.93%) (n χ2=20.94, n P<0.05). (5) The positive rate of serum allergen sIgE in children with asthma (73.18%) was significantly higher than that in children with allergic rhinitis (59.82%)(n χ2=64.51, n P<0.05) and eczema (51.60%) (n χ2=40.04, n P<0.05). The main airborne allergens in children with asthma included moulds, dermatophagoides farinae, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, wheat and peanut.The main allergens in children with allergic rhinitis were moulds, egg white, wheat, mugwort and dermatophagoides farinae.The main allergens in children with eczema were egg white, milk, moulds, dermatophagoides farinae and dermatophagoides ptero-nyssinus.(6) With the increase of age, the positive rate of airborne allergens increased gradually.In food allergens, the positive rate of milk and egg white decreased gradually while that of wheat and peanut increased gradually with the increasing age.(7) In different seasons, the positive rate of allergen sIgE was varied.The overall positive rate was highest in summer(66.59%), followed by autumn(64.15%), spring(62.07%), and winter(54.63%) successively(n χ2=49.38, n P<0.05). Among the airborne allergens, the positive rates of dermatophagoides farinae and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were the highest in summer and autumn[dermatophagoides farinae(32.25%, 30.17%); dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(30.40%, 27.54%)]. The positive rate of moulds was the highest in summer(45.41%), followed by autumn(36.19%). The positive rate of blattella germanica was the highest in summer(5.52%). The positive rates of cat dander, animal dander combination, artemisia argyi and weeds pollen combination were higher in autumn(33.33%, 13.94%, 24.84%, 19.88%).n Conclusions:Moulds, dermatophagoides farinae, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, egg white and milk are the most common allergens in children in Tianjin.The distribution of allergens is correlated with the gender, disease type, age and season.