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目的评价放射工作人员的健康状况,了解长期小剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员健康的影响,为放射健康监护管理工作提供科学依据。方法按照卫生部《职业健康监护管理办法》和《放射工作人员健康标准》规定的检查项目,2010年对万州区及周边6县415名放射工作人员进行了职业健康检查。结果临床检查异常人数249人,占受检放射工作人员总数的60.00%;实验室检查异203人,占受检放射工作人员总数的48.92%,其中放射性敏感项目异常检出率白细胞减少6.75%、红细胞减少0.24%、血红蛋白减少1.93%、血小板减少3.13%,其他项目异常检出率为肝功能11.81%、肾功能6.75%、尿常规17.35%;染色体畸变异常检出人数为7人,淋巴细胞微核异常检出人数为30人,异常率分别为1.69%和7.23%;不符合国家健康标准的人员占受检放射工作人员总数的10.36%。结论导致万州区及周边6县放射工作人员健康检查不符合国家健康标准规定的主要原因是淋巴细胞微核率升高,其次为染色体畸变率升高、白细胞减少和血小板减少。因此,必须提高放射工作人员的防护意识,加强放射工作场所的防护和人员的健康监护管理工作。
Objective To evaluate the health status of radiation workers, understand the effects of long-term low-dose ionizing radiation on the health of radiation workers, and provide a scientific basis for radiation health monitoring and management. Methods According to the inspection items stipulated in the “Management Regulations on Occupational Health Monitoring” and “Radiation Workers’ Health Standards” of the Ministry of Health, occupational health examination was conducted on 415 radiation workers in 6 counties in Wanzhou District and surrounding areas in 2010. Results The number of anomalous people in clinical examination was 249, accounting for 60.00% of the total number of radiation workers under examination. There were 203 different laboratory tests, accounting for 48.92% of the total number of radioactive workers under inspection. The detection rate of abnormalities of radioactive sensitive items was 6.75% 0.24% reduction of erythrocytes, 1.93% reduction of hemoglobin, thrombocytopenia 3.13%, other items were 11.81% abnormal liver function, renal function 6.75%, urine routine 17.35%; chromosome aberration detected a number of 7 people, lymphocyte micro The number of nuclear anomalies detected was 30, with abnormal rates of 1.69% and 7.23% respectively; those who did not meet the national health standards accounted for 10.36% of the total number of staff exposed to radiation. Conclusions The main reasons that the health examination of radiographers in Wanzhou District and the surrounding 6 counties do not meet the national health standards are the increase of lymphocyte micronucleus rate, followed by the increase of chromosome aberration rate, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Therefore, it is imperative to raise the awareness of radiological staff on their protection and to strengthen the protection of radiological workplaces and the health guardianship of personnel.