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人们在探索物质世界的过程中,总会遇到内部结构尚不清楚的系统,在控制论中,把这样的系统叫黑箱。搞清黑箱的方法,原则上可以分为两大类:一类是“白箱方法”,即通过打开黑箱,直接观察黑箱的内部结构,从而达到认识黑箱的目的,另一类是“黑箱方法”,由于某些具体条件的限制,不允许人们打开黑箱,直接观察。所以只好先给黑箱输入一定的信号,根据黑箱对信号的作用效果,经过分析、假设和验证,最后达到认识黑箱内部结构的目的。
In the process of exploring the material world, people always encounter systems whose internal structure is not yet clear. In cybernetics, such systems are called black boxes. The method to find out the black box can be divided into two major categories: one is the “white box method”, that is, through the opening of the black box, the internal structure of the black box is directly observed so as to achieve the purpose of understanding the black box, and the other is the “black box method”. ” Due to certain specific conditions, people are not allowed to open the black box and observe it directly. Therefore, we must first input a certain signal to the black box. According to the effect of the black box on the signal, after analysis, assumption and verification, the purpose of understanding the internal structure of the black box is finally achieved.