鲍·拉伊诺夫的中篇小说《黑天鹅》发表于1977年。这部作品通过一个女芭蕾舞演员在艺术道路上孜孜不倦的追求和她跟周围人们之间的关系的描绘,探索现代人的精神世界,颂扬创造性的劳动,读后颇能给人以启发。保加利亚文学评论界认为象《黑天鹅》这类作品是“对艺术中富有创造性的人、他的形成和发展道路最有意义的探索”。小说主人公维奥列塔从小深受剧院环境的熏陶,向往舞台生活,十岁时考进芭蕾舞学校,开始了艺术生涯。她立志攀登艺术高峰,因此总是严格要求自己,勤学苦练,百折不挠。她抛弃生活中的一切乐趣,乃至牺牲爱情,金力以赴地献身于艺术,把所从事的事业看成是生活中的唯一内容。领导的轻视,同事们的讥讽,朋友们的劝告,都不能动摇她的坚强信念。她真心热爱艺术,有崇高的理想、坚强的意志和坚忍不拔的精神。她的理想来源于对艺术的崇高使命的认识,她认为最大的快乐莫过于把美献给满堂观众,用美去启迪人们的心灵。正因为如此,她在艺术道路上不断攀登,精益求精,从不满足于己有的成绩。在她看来,如果演出只是重复老一套动作,那无异于儿童学诗,创造性的劳动就会变成陈规陋习, 艺术就会失去生命力。因此,在永无止境的艺术道路上,维奥列塔总是把已经取得的成绩看成是朝新的目标迈进的起点,力图以创造性劳动不断攀登新的艺术高峰。这正是对理想永不满足的追求的表现,说明她对事业有高度的责任感,对自己高标准,严要求。这个形象的典型意义就在于它概括了一切创造者的共性,有重要的现实意义和感人的艺术力量。《黑天鹅》在艺术上也颇具特色。主要故事情节在三天之内展开,但作者通过插叙等手法给我们展示了一幅完整的芭蕾舞剧团的生活场景。演员们单调的生活,紧张的排练,演出的纷忙,同行们之间的嫉妒与猜疑等等,都描写得很生动,读来仿佛身临其境。作者擅长寓新奇于平淡之中,使朴素的情节突现意想不到的高潮,产生良好的效果;刻画人物,能准确地捕捉住人物的内心活动,细心剖析,深入发掘,同时又善于以生动的比喻暗示人物的命运,使形象鲜明,主题突出。本篇译自保加利亚《九月》杂志1977年第1期。 Bao Rajonov’s novella “Black Swan” was published in 1977. The work, inspired by the tireless pursuit of a female ballet dancer on the art road and the relationship between her and the people around her, exploring the spiritual world of modern people and celebrating creative labor. Bulgarian literary critics think that works like “Black Swan” are “the most meaningful exploration of the creative and creative ways of art,” he said. Novel hero Violino childhood influenced by the theater environment, aspire to stage life, admitted to ballet school at the age of ten, started his artistic career. She determined to climb the peak art, so always strict demands on themselves, hard-working, perseverance. She discarded all the fun in life, and even sacrificed love, Jin Li to go to art devotion, the undertaking as the only content in life. The contempt of leaders, the satire of colleagues, and the advice of friends can not shake her strong conviction. She really loves art, lofty ideals, strong will and perseverance. Her ideal stems from her understanding of the lofty mission of art. She believes that the greatest joy is to dedicate beauty to the audiences and beautify people’s hearts with beauty. Because of this, she constantly climbed on the art road and kept improving, never satisfied with her own achievements. In her view, if the performance is only repeated the same old set of actions, it is tantamount to children’s poetry, creative work will become stereotypes, art will lose its vitality. Therefore, on the endless art path, Violata always regards the achievements he has made as a starting point for moving toward a new goal and seeks to continuously climb new heights of art with creative labor. This is exactly the performance of the never-ending pursuit of ideals. She shows that she has a high sense of responsibility to her career and her own high standards and strict demands. The typical significance of this image is that it summarizes the commonality of all creators, has important practical significance and touching artistic power. Black Swan is also very artistic. The main storyline unfolds within three days, but the author shows us a complete scene of the ballet troupe through interludes and other tactics. Performers monotonous life, intense rehearsals, busy performances, envy and suspicion among colleagues, etc., are described very vivid, read as if immersive. The author is good at building novelty in the plain, so that the simple plot suddenly unexpected climax, produce good results; characterization, can accurately capture the inner activities of the characters, careful analysis, in-depth excavation, at the same time be good at vivid metaphor Suggest the fate of the characters so that the image of a clear, prominent theme. This article is from Bulgarian magazine “September” No. 1, 1977.