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人口的急剧膨胀,能源消耗的日益增多,环境污染的不断加剧,使得人类陆地生存空间受到了越来越大的威胁。于是海洋成了各国角逐和争夺的新“制高点”。占地球表面积70.8％的海洋,蕴藏着丰富的资源;食物和矿产资源约是陆地资源的1000倍以上,大陆架的石油储量是陆地石油储量的3倍,足够全人类使用270年;海洋中天然气地质储量达54万亿立方米;海洋鱼类约有1350亿吨;海洋是世界经济贸易最有效的联系通道,海洋运输的成本只及公路运输的五分之一,航空运输的千分之几。世界沿海国家和地区的经济之所以普遍高于内陆国家和地区,主要是充分利用海洋资源和海洋运输这两大支柱。据预测,到2000年海洋经济总产值将达到3万亿美元以上,约占世界经济总产值的16％。开发海
The rapid population expansion, the increasing consumption of energy and the continuous increase of environmental pollution have made the land of mankind more and more threatened by its living space. So the ocean has become a new “high ground” for all countries to compete for and compete for it. The oceans, which account for 70.8% of the Earth’s surface area, are rich in resources; food and mineral resources are about 1000 times more than land resources; continental shelf oil reserves are three times that of terrestrial oil reserves and enough for 270 years for all mankind; and natural gas geology in the oceans With 54 trillion cubic meters of reserves and about 135 billion tons of marine fish. The oceans are the most effective link in the world economy and trade. The cost of marine transportation is only one-fifth of that of road transport and a few thousandth of air transport. The economies of the coastal countries and regions in the world are generally higher than those in landlocked countries and regions, mainly making full use of the two pillars of marine resources and ocean shipping. It is predicted that by the year 2000, the total marine economic output will reach over 3 trillion U.S. dollars, accounting for about 16% of the world’s total. Develop the sea