《1844年经济学哲学手稿》最重要的理论成果是提出了异化劳动理论,马克思试图通过异化劳动与私有财产关系的论证揭示私有财产的本质。本文以异化劳动与私有财产关系为线索,通过梳理马克思对异化劳动与私有财产关系的论证及其遭遇的困境,指出这一论证未能对私有财产本质做出圆满诠释。马克思试图破解这一理论困境,并最终促使其思想转向。 The most important theoretical result of the 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts is the alienated labor theory. Marx tries to reveal the nature of private property through the demonstration of the relationship between alienated labor and private property. This essay takes the relationship between alienated labor and private property as a clue. By combing Marx’s argument on the relationship between alienated labor and private property and the difficulties it encounters, this article points out that this argument fails to give a complete explanation of the nature of private property. Marx attempted to crack down on this theoretical dilemma and eventually to push his mind to turn.