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在西北干旱地区,地下水埋深与生态环境的关系十分密切。焉耆盆地是新疆重要的绿洲农业区,但该区生态环境脆弱,生态环境对地下水的依赖作用十分显著,同时该区又担负着向塔里木河下游输水的重任,如何实现该地区地下资源可持续开发模式,是一个急需探讨的现实问题。本文基于大量的野外调查和综合分析的基础上,通过对焉耆盆地的地下水埋深与土壤盐碱化、植被生长与潜水蒸发的相互关系的研究,从确保绿洲灌区生态安全角度提出了地下水生态埋深的概念,并阐述了其内涵,确定绿洲灌区适宜生态埋深为3.0～4.0m,即适合林地生长的适宜深度与极限潜水蒸发深度的区间。地下水生态埋深的确定,对于估算生态用水、防治土地盐渍化和沙漠化提供了科学依据,也为焉耆盆地地下水合理开采与水盐调控提供理论支撑。
In arid areas of Northwest China, the relationship between groundwater depth and ecological environment is very close. Yanqi Basin is an important oasis agricultural area in Xinjiang. However, the ecological environment in this area is fragile and the ecological environment has a significant dependence on groundwater. At the same time, the area is also responsible for water delivery to the lower reaches of the Tarim River and how to realize the sustainable subsurface resources in the area Development model is an urgent need to explore the real problem. Based on a large number of field surveys and comprehensive analyzes, based on the study of the relationship between groundwater depth and soil salinization, vegetation growth and phreatic water evaporation in Yanqi Basin, from the point of view of ensuring ecological security of oasis irrigated area, Deep conception and expounding its connotation to determine the appropriate ecological depth of oasis irrigated area of 3.0 ~ 4.0m, which is suitable for the growth of forest suitable depth and extreme submerged depth of evaporation interval. The determination of the ecological depth of groundwater provides a scientific basis for estimating ecological water use, preventing and controlling land salinization and desertification, and also provides theoretical support for the rational exploitation of groundwater and salt and water regulation in the Yanqi Basin.