论文部分内容阅读
随着科技迅速发展,科学门类越来越多。加之多种边缘学科、新兴学科的产生(学科门类已达2,000个以上,仍在发展中),整个学科中出现了:学科越分越专越细,专业越来越多;各学科间日益相互渗透并趋向综合发展。这已形成一种规律。其发展日趋于“多相”有机交融结合。如:物理与化学交融成物理化学,生物学与化学交融结合为生物化学。又如:地球化学、生物物理等等。类似如此的还有系统工程,它就是运用了控制论、运筹学、信息论等理论和方法交融而成的。这就要求科技人员要有精深的专门知识和广博的知识面,要具有多功能。而大量实际和理论问题,又非一个人所能解决。因此要求助于庞杂的知识源和集体智慧的综合效应。但据对1,300名科学家、学者的论文、成果、晋升的调查研究,有成就者多以“博才”、“通才”而取胜,亦即以“多功能”取胜。追朔科学史上的名家,常是多功能者。如:我国春秋时期的教育家、
With the rapid development of science and technology, there are more and more science categories. In addition to a variety of edge disciplines, emerging disciplines (more than 2,000 disciplines have been developed, still under development) emerged throughout the discipline: the disciplines became more and more specialized, the professions were more and more; the disciplines became increasingly interdependent Permeate and tend to integrated development. This has formed a law. Its development tends to “heterogeneous ” organic blend of integration. Such as: physics and chemistry into physical chemistry, biology and chemistry blend into biochemistry. Another example: geochemistry, biophysics and so on. Similarly, there are systems engineering, it is the use of cybernetics, operations research, information theory and methods of convergence. This requires that scientific and technical personnel should have profound expertise and extensive knowledge and should be versatile. However, a large number of practical and theoretical problems can not be solved by one person alone. Therefore, it is necessary to contribute to the comprehensive effect of complex knowledge sources and collective wisdom. However, according to the survey of 1,300 scientists and scholars' dissertations, achievements and promotions, most of the successful people win with “Bo Cai” and “Tong Cai”, that is, they win with “multi-function”. Tracing the history of science and famous, often versatile. Such as: educators in China's Spring and Autumn Period,