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为解决水轮机在含沙水中的快速破坏,对铁-铬-碳系堆焊材料进行了研究,并在自行设计、制造的沙水旋流磨蚀试验机上进行了评定堆焊材料的抗磨蚀性能试验。试验结果表明,材料的抗磨蚀性能主要决定于初生析出相碳化铬的含量。随着碳、铬含量的降低,初生析出相由硬度高于共晶的碳化铬变为硬度低于共晶的合金固溶体,从而降低了堆焊层的硬度与抗磨蚀性能。含碳量进一步降低,堆焊层组织中的共晶将减少,固溶体相将相应增加,这样堆焊层的硬度与抗磨蚀性就会进一步降低。硼能提高高碳高铬白口铁焊条堆焊层的抗磨蚀性。硼对13%铬钢焊条堆焊层的抗磨蚀性的影响比对高碳高铬白口铁焊条更加明显。随着含硼量的增加,13%铬钢焊条堆焊层的硬度与抗磨蚀性基本成直线增长。
In order to solve the rapid destruction of turbines in sandy water, the iron-chromium-carbon based surfacing materials were studied and the abrasion resistance of the surfacing materials was evaluated on a sand-swirling abrasion testing machine designed and manufactured by ourselves . The experimental results show that the anti-erosion property of the material mainly depends on the content of chromium carbide in the primary precipitated phase. With the decrease of carbon and chromium content, the primary precipitates change from chromium carbide with higher hardness than eutectic to alloy solid solution with lower hardness than eutectic, which reduces the hardness and abrasion resistance of overlay. The carbon content will be further reduced, the eutectic in the surfacing layer will decrease and the solid solution phase will increase accordingly, so that the hardness and abrasion resistance of the surfacing layer will be further reduced. Boron can improve the high-carbon high-chromium white iron electrode surfacing layer abrasion resistance. The effect of boron on the abrasion resistance of 13% Cr steel electrode overlay is more significant than that of high carbon high chromium white iron electrode. With the increase of boron content, the hardness and abrasion resistance of 13% Cr steel electrode surfacing layer almost linearly increase.