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本文探讨的是n’t的性质。我们在习惯上总是把not和n't等量齐观,认为后者是前者的缩略形式。作者在文中论证了n't是屈折词缀。这一发现所产生的影响是,乔姆斯基近期里提出的语言描写框架必须修改。因此,虽然本文题目很小,但跟语法理论密切相关。 Zwicky的语法理论是“接口语法”(Interface Grammar)。他认为语言描写中的各组成部分间的影响是有限的。生成语义学派曾假设这种影响是无限的。Zwicky的语言研究工作一方面曾为乔姆斯基在十年大论战中击败生成语义学提供了有力的武器,另一方面又对转换-生成语法提出了修正。Zwicky从事的“语音自由语法”的研究工作为各种“非转换语法”(nontransformational grammars)的发展奠定了理论上的基础。Pullum既是Zwicky的亲密合作者,又是Cazdar的合作者。Gazdar的“普遍化短语结构语法”(Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar)完全否定转换在语言描写中的作用,因而被认为是对转换—生成语法的严重挑战。
This article explores the nature of not. We are used to always not and not equal measure, that the latter is the former abbreviated form. The author argues in the article that not is an inflectional affix. The impact of this finding is that the language description framework proposed by Chomsky in the near future must be revised. Therefore, although the topic of this article is very small, it is closely related to grammatical theory. Zwicky's grammatical theory is Interface Grammar. He considers the impact of the various components of the language description to be limited. Generative semantics had assumed that the impact was limitless. On the one hand, Zwicky's linguistic research provided a powerful weapon for Chomsky to defeat the generation of semantics in the Great Controversy and on the other hand, he proposed amending the transformation-generation grammar. The work of Zwicky's Phonetic Free Grammar has laid the theoretical foundation for the development of various nontransformational grammars. Pullum is both Zwicky's close collaborator and co-owner of Cazdar. Gazdar's “Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar” completely negates the role of transformation in language delineation and is therefore considered as a serious challenge to translation-generation syntax.