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菲利普·罗斯是美国犹太裔作家,他在2007年推出的小说《退场的鬼魂》,是其祖克曼系列中的最后一部。历来对罗斯以及《退场的鬼魂》的研究,都集中在战后犹太书写的身份,或是对美国当代社会的阐释等方面。但是若要更加理性和深入地把握这部作品,清晰而又具体地建构其写作手法的分析过程是必不可少的。小说采用心理现实主义的创作手法,突出表现在人物塑造、环境描写以及对犹太传统的反思三个方面,这是对其进行分析最好的切入点。
Phillip Rose, a Jewish American writer, launched his novel The Ghost of Exit in 2007, the last of his Zuckerman series. Historically, the study of Rose and the “ghost of exit” has focused on the identity of post-war Jewish writing or on the interpretation of contemporary American society. However, if we want to grasp this work more rationally and deeply, it is essential to clearly and concretely construct the analysis of its writing technique. The novel adopts the technique of psychological realism, which is manifested in three aspects: the characterization, the description of the environment and the reflection on the Jewish tradition. This is the best entry point for the analysis.