近代合成化学的发展,工业生产中化学物大量增加和使剧,导致化学物污染生产环境日趋严重。预防化学物的危害,已成为劳动卫生工作中一项极为重要的任务。就卫生部门而言,保护劳动者健康的首要职责,为制订能防止危害物对人体健康影响的卫生标准。当今预防医学的发展,认识一个化学物的毒性与危害,并据以制订卫生标准的主要手段不外有二,即动物实验以及对接触者的健康监护和对接触人群的流行病学调查。动物实验可以预测化学物对人体的潜在危害,但从动物实验结果推论到人,当需在人群中进行验证。对接触者的健康监护系通过检测人体接触的毒物的量,以及结合流行病学调查,寻找化学物在人群中所致危害的现象,两者使人们从现场直接观察到化学物的 The development of modern synthetic chemistry, chemical production in industrial production increased dramatically and the drama, leading to chemical pollution of the production environment is increasingly serious. Preventing the harm of chemicals has become an extremely important task in labor and health work. In the health sector, the primary responsibility for protecting the health of workers is to develop health standards that will prevent the impact of hazards on human health. In today’s preventive medicine, understanding the toxicity and harms of a chemical and nothing more than the two main means by which health standards can be formulated is animal experimentation and the health monitoring of those exposed and the epidemiological investigation of the exposed population. Animal experiments predict the potential hazards of chemicals to the human body, but they are inferred from animal experiments to be validated in the human population. By monitoring the amount of poisons that are exposed to the human body in conjunction with the epidemiological investigation, the health care system for contacts searches for the hazard of chemicals in the population, both of which allow direct observation of chemicals from the field