论文部分内容阅读
[目的]了解淄博市5岁以下儿童的死亡率及其变化趋势、主要致死原因,制定相关措施以降低儿童死亡率。[方法]对2000～2010年淄博市5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行分析。[结果]2000～2010年淄博市累计活产416 542人,新生儿死亡1 947例,婴儿死亡2 599例,5岁以下儿童死亡3 076例,平均新生儿死亡率为4.67‰,婴儿死亡率为6.24‰,5岁以下儿童死亡率为7.38‰。3种死亡率2010年均较2000年明显下降(P<0.01)。3种死亡率,2000～2002年、2005～2007年城区均低于农村(P<0.01或<0.05),2003、2004、2008、2009年城区与农村的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2010年新生儿死亡率城区高于农村(P<0.05),婴儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率城区与农村的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3 076例5岁以下儿童死亡中,死因居前5位的依次为早产和低出生体重(578例)、先天性心脏病(434例)、出生窒息(395例)、肺炎(221例)、意外窒息(101例);可避免死亡的占3.03%,创造条件可避免死亡的占33.16%,不可避免死亡的占63.81%。[结论]淄博市5岁以下儿童死亡率呈下降趋势。
[Objective] To understand the mortality rate and its changing trend of children under 5 years old in Zibo City, the main causes of death and formulate relevant measures to reduce the child mortality rate. [Methods] The mortality monitoring data of children under 5 years old in Zibo City from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed. [Results] There were 416 542 live births in Zibo City in 2000-2010, 1 947 neonatal deaths, 2 599 infant deaths, 3 076 deaths of children under 5 years of age with an average neonatal mortality rate of 4.67 ‰, an infant mortality rate Was 6.24 ‰, with a mortality rate of 7.38 ‰ under 5 years of age. Three kinds of mortality in 2010 were significantly lower than in 2000 (P <0.01). The three kinds of mortality rates were lower in urban areas from 2000 to 2002 and from 2005 to 2007 than those in rural areas (P <0.01 or <0.05). There was no significant difference between urban areas and rural areas in 2003, 2004, 2008 and 2009 (P> 0.05 ). In 2010, the neonatal mortality rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in infant mortality rate and child mortality rate among children under 5 years of age in urban areas and rural areas (P> 0.05). Of the 3 076 deaths among children under 5, the top 5 causes of death were premature birth and low birth weight (578 cases), congenital heart disease (434 cases), birth asphyxia (395 cases), pneumonia (221 cases) Accidental suffocation (101 cases); avoidable deaths accounted for 3.03%, create conditions to avoid death accounted for 33.16%, inevitable death accounted for 63.81%. [Conclusion] The mortality rate of children below 5 years old in Zibo City is decreasing.