Background and Study Aims: Colonic tuberculosis is generally diagnosed by colonoscopy and targeted biopsy of lesions.However, the diagnostic yield of colonic biopsies is not very good. So far as we are aware, there have been no studies investigating the role of biopsies from endoscopically normal appearing cecum and terminal ileum in diagnosing colonic or ileal tuberculosis, or both. Patients and Methods: Patients with a clinical suspicion of colonic tuberculosis, in whom no endoscopic abnormalities were found on colonoscopy or ileoscopy,were included in the study. Multiple biopsies were obtained from the cecum and ileum. Results: Fifty patients were studied.Intubation of the terminal ileum was possible in 43 patients(86% ). Histological examination of biopsies obtained from the cecum and terminal ileum showed noncaseating granuloma in two patients. Both of these biopsies were from the terminal ileum. In two other patients, collections of loosely arranged epithelioid cells were observed. This established the diagnosis in these four patients (8% ). In the remaining 46 patients,histology showed nonspecific inflammation in 18 patients (in the cecum in 15 and in the terminal ileum in seven). The other biopsies did not show any abnormalities (33 from the cecum, 34 from the terminal ileum). Conclusions: Histological examination of biopsies from the normal-appearing cecum and terminal ileum is useful in a small but significant number of patients with colonic tuberculosis. Background and Study Aims: Colonic tuberculosis is generally diagnosed by colonoscopy and targeted biopsy of lesions. However, the diagnostic yield of colonic biopsies is not very good. So far as we are aware, there have been no studies investigating the role of biopsies from endoscopically Patients and Methods: Patients with a clinical suspicion of colonic tuberculosis, in whom no endoscopic abnormalities were found on colonoscopy or ileoscopy, were included in the study. Multiple biopsies were Results from the cecum and ileum. Results: Fifty patients were studied. Intubation of the terminal ileum was possible in 43 patients (86%). Histological examination of biopsies obtained from the cecum and terminal ileum showed noncaseating granuloma in two patients. Both of these biopsies were from the terminal ileum. In two other patients, collections of loosely arranged epithelioid cells were observed In the remaining 46 patients, histology showed nonspecific inflammation in 18 patients (in the cecum in 15 and in the terminal ileum in seven). The other biopsies did not show any Histological examination of biopsies from the normal-appearing cecum and terminal ileum is useful in a small but significant number of patients with colonic tuberculosis.