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20世纪后半期以来,世界格局出现了新的政治图景,动态的重组引发了人们对文化特性和文明冲突的关注。首先,第一世界内部的政治、经济及种族问题引发了学术界的激进思潮,这些思潮与其他文化区域,尤其是第三世界的文化诉求发生了超级链接。其次,不同学科的视角、研究范式等信息形成了更大规模的交互作用,这对于当代的文学观念和研究影响巨大。文学与历史和社会实践产生了更加多样的联系方式,形成了互为语境的状态。以马克思主义为主导的思想方式奠定了对文本外部因素的分析模式,以弗洛伊德精神分析为主导的探索方式奠定了对文本主体内在的分析理路,而由结构主义理论为主导的批评观带来了“历时”与“共时”交叉的研究范式并引发后结构主义的思潮。文学研究已经难以单纯从文本内部的构成性因素入手,而和文化研究结缘则成为了历史的必然。
Since the latter half of the 20th century, a new political picture has emerged in the world pattern. The dynamic reorganization has caused people’s concern about the cultural characteristics and clash of civilizations. First of all, the political, economic and ethnic issues within the First World have provoked a radical trend of thought in academia that hyperlinks to the cultural demands of other cultural regions, especially the Third World. Secondly, the information from different disciplines, such as research paradigms and other forms of information, has formed a larger-scale interaction, which has great influence on contemporary literary concepts and research. Literature and history and social practice have produced more diverse ways of contact, forming a cross-cultural context. The Marxist-oriented way of thinking laid the analytical model of the external factors of the text. The exploration of the main body of the text was mainly based on Freudian psychoanalysis, and the critical analysis led by the structuralist theory Brought a research paradigm of “diachronic” and “synchronicity” and triggered the post-structuralist ideological trend. Literature studies have been difficult to start from the internal composition of the text simply to start, and become associated with the cultural studies has become the inevitable history.