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危重病医学(Critical Medicine)是近30年代新兴的一门临床医学,属于急诊医学,是在第二次世界大战以后逐渐形成的。1979年美国医学会正式承认急诊医学为医学领域中的第23个专业。而ICU则是对危重病人的监测和治疗。ICU英语的全称是Intensive Care unit,即重危病人的监测治疗病室。或称加强监测治疗科。目的是对危重病人进行科学的管理,使其更有效地抢救危重和疑难病人,提高医疗质量。ICU的特点是两个集中,1.集中了对抢救重危病人具有有专门知识和丰富经验的各专科医师和护士。一般ICU的医师主要由麻醉科和内科医师组成,护士要求较高,除有广泛的医学知识,能熟练掌握各种护理外,还要对现代化监测仪器有一定的掌握。2.集中现代化的监测设备,配备有经验的技术员,对病人的重要生命器官功能,如呼吸、循环、中枢神经、体温、肝肾功能及酸碱、电解质平衡等进行连续监测,以便及时了解和掌握病情的变化,得到准确、及时地治疗,减少重危病人的死亡率。
Critical Medicine is a new clinical medicine in the 1930s. It belongs to emergency medicine and was gradually formed after the Second World War. In 1979, the American Medical Association officially recognized emergency medicine as the 23rd specialty in medicine. The ICU monitors and treats critical patients. The full name of ICU English is the Intensive Care unit, which is the monitoring and treatment unit for critically ill patients. Or strengthen monitoring and treatment. The purpose is to scientifically manage critically ill patients, make them more effective in rescuing critical and intractable patients, and improve the quality of medical care. The ICU is characterized by two focuses, 1. Focusing on specialized doctors and nurses who have specialized knowledge and experience in rescuing critically ill patients. The general ICU physicians are mainly composed of anesthesiologists and physicians. The requirements for nurses are relatively high. In addition to extensive medical knowledge and proficiency in various types of nursing, they also have a certain grasp of modern monitoring instruments. 2. Centralized modern monitoring equipment, equipped with experienced technicians, to continuously monitor vital vital organ functions such as respiration, circulation, central nervous system, body temperature, liver and kidney function, acid-base balance, electrolyte balance, etc., in order to understand and Grasp the changes in the condition, get accurate and timely treatment, and reduce the mortality of critically ill patients.