论文部分内容阅读
目的了解西藏艾滋病流行的现状和特征,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法对2004-2013年西藏地区艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)的疫情资料,用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 10年累计报告HIV/AIDS病例253例,主要以住院病人、自愿咨询检测者为主,占疫情报告总数的53.0%(134/253),病例分布于全区7个地市。感染途径主要以异性性传播为主,占疫情报告总数的93.7%(237/253),且男性感染发病多于女性;职业分布广泛,以无业、干部、农牧民为主,分别占病例总数的22.9%(58/253)、18.6%(47/253)和11.1%(28/253)。全区累计疫情报告数最高的是拉萨地区,病例数达62例,占疫情报告总数的24.5%(62/253)。结论西藏自治区全区艾滋病疫情整体呈上升趋势,感染人群从高危人群转向普通人群,波及各个职业的人群及种族。藏族感染人数逐年上升,其中牧民感染者明显增多,那曲地区尤为显著。在强化对广泛大众健康教育的基础上,加强对发现的HIV/AIDS病人的管理,落实对重点农牧民、各个行业人群普及HIV/AIDS知识,提高对HIV/AIDS危机意识和自我保护意识,进行综合干预是今后工作的重要防治策略。
Objective To understand the status quo and characteristics of HIV / AIDS in Tibet and provide basis for prevention and control strategies. Methods The epidemiological data of HIV / AIDS patients (referred to as HIV / AIDS patients) from 2004 to 2013 in Tibet were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 253 HIV / AIDS cases were reported in 10 years, mainly inpatients and voluntary counselors, accounting for 53.0% (134/253) of the total number of reports of the outbreak. The cases were distributed in 7 prefectures and cities in the region. The main route of transmission was heterosexual transmission, accounting for 93.7% (237/253) of the total number of outbreak reports, and the incidence of male infection was more than that of women; the occupations were extensively distributed and were mainly unemployed, cadres and peasants and herdsmen, accounting for the total number of cases Of 22.9% (58/253), 18.6% (47/253) and 11.1% (28/253). The region has the highest cumulative number of reported cases of outbreaks in Lhasa, 62 cases, accounting for 24.5% (62/253) of the total number of outbreak reports. Conclusion The overall HIV / AIDS epidemic in the entire Tibet Autonomous Region is on the rise. The infected population is shifted from the high-risk population to the general population, affecting all occupational groups and ethnic groups. The number of Tibetan infection increased year by year, of which infected herdsmen increased significantly, especially in Nagqu area. On the basis of strengthening the health education for the general public, the management of discovered HIV / AIDS patients should be strengthened and the HIV / AIDS knowledge popularized to key farmers, herdsmen and people in all industries should be strengthened, the awareness of HIV / AIDS crisis and self-protection should be enhanced, Comprehensive intervention is an important prevention and control strategy for future work.