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目的分析沧州市人民医院急诊科收治的急性农药中毒患者的流行病学特点,探讨其发病规律及防治对策。方法以2008年10月至2015年9月沧州市人民医院收治的1 394例急性农药中毒患者为研究对象,进行流行病学分析,了解急性农药中毒特征。结果 1 394例患者,平均年龄(42.19±7.46)岁,女性多于男性(55.31%/44.69%)。中毒类型以非生产性农药中毒为主(1 133例,81.28%),男女之比0.80∶1,20~49岁年龄组占73.17%,发病以第三季度最多(42.98%),病死率为16.15%;生产性农药中毒(261例,18.72%)男女之比为2.26∶1,40岁以上年龄组占87.74%,其有明显的季节分布,第三季度占76.25%,病死率为0。有机磷农药中毒占中毒总数的36.87%,其次是百草枯中毒(26.11%)。百草枯中毒平均住院日最长,为(11.81±10.13)天,且预后最差。结论农药中毒严重威胁人民的健康,控制有机磷、百草枯可显著降低本地区农药中毒的发病率和病死率。医务工作者应提高自身诊治水平,做好应急预案。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute pesticide poisoning patients admitted to the emergency department of Cangzhou People’s Hospital and to explore its pathogenesis and prevention and treatment measures. Methods A total of 1 394 patients with acute pesticide poisoning who were admitted to Cangzhou People’s Hospital from October 2008 to September 2015 were selected as research subjects for epidemiological analysis to understand the characteristics of acute pesticide poisoning. Results A total of 1 394 patients (42.19 ± 7.46 years) had more women than men (55.31% / 44.69%). The main types of poisoning were unproductive pesticide poisoning (1,133 cases, 81.28%). The ratio of male to female was 0.80:1. The age group of 20 to 49 years old accounted for 73.17%, and the incidence was highest in the third quarter (42.98%). The case fatality rate was 16.15%; Productive pesticide poisoning (261 cases, 18.72%) The ratio of male to female was 2.26:1. The age group of 40 and over accounted for 87.74%, with obvious seasonal distribution, accounting for 76.25% in the third quarter and the case fatality rate being 0. 16%. Organophosphorus pesticide poisoning accounted for 36.87% of the total number of poisonings, followed by paraquat poisoning (26.11%). Paraquat poisoning the longest average hospital stay, (11.81 ± 10.13) days, and the worst prognosis. Conclusion Pesticide poisoning seriously threatens the health of the people, and the control of organophosphorus and paraquat can significantly reduce the incidence and mortality of pesticide poisoning in this area. Medical workers should improve their level of diagnosis and treatment, emergency plan.