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暴露前预防（PrEP）是国际指南推荐预防HIV感染的主要方式之一，在我国受到越来越多的关注。2019年，恩曲他滨联合丙酚替诺福韦（F/TAF）在美国获批成为继恩曲他滨联合富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯（F/TDF）后，第二个可用于PrEP的药物。本文结合最新国际指南、PrEP临床研究数据和我国实际情况，讨论PrEP在我国临床运用中的考量和挑战，并对提高PrEP认知、可及性、可负担性及用药依从性提出具体建议。“,”Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is one of the main methods recommended by international guidelines for preventing HIV infection, and increasing attention has been paid to it in China. In 2019, emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF) was approved by the US FDA as the second PrEP option besides emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF). This article reviews the latest international guideline recommendations on PrEP, and the relevant clinical study data, discusses the considerations and challenges in implementing PrEP in the context of clinical practice in China, and provides suggestions for improving the awareness, accessibility, affordability and adherence of PrEP.