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本文讨论发动机冬季起动问题,讲述各种型式的辅助装置并评价其优缺点。寒冷的冬季对于现代结构紧凑功率又大的发动机起动很不利。较高的压缩比又使蓄电池和起动机工作加重。当起动负荷最大时,蓄电池的起动能力就最低。起动负荷一方面是由于压缩比高产生的,另一方面是由于润滑油硬化。这些润滑油在温暖地区在高温运转下对发动机保护很好,但是到了北方骤冷下来时,就要硬化。由于油膜把紧配合的机件粘住,而使部件损坏的例子也是不少的。机油通道里的水分结冰会把机器擦伤,燃油滤清器里的杂质使功率受到损失。
This article discusses engine winter start-up problems, describes various types of auxiliary devices and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. The cold winters are detrimental to the modern, compact, high-power engine start-up. Higher compression ratio in turn make the battery and starter work worse. When the starting load is maximum, the starting capacity of the battery is the lowest. The starting load is due, on the one hand, to the high compression ratio and, on the other hand, to the hardening of the lubricating oil. These lubricants protect the engine well in warm areas and at high temperatures, but harden when it quenches in the north. There are also many examples of component damage due to the fact that the film adheres to the tight fitting parts. Water ice in the oil passage can scratch the machine and impurities are lost in the fuel filter.