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目前研究涉及集成光学领域的课题时,都需要把激光束耦合到光波导中,或把制导光束从波导中耦合出来,耦合的方法分为两类:(1)把光束聚焦射到光波导的横截面的横向耦合器,包括“直接”和“迎面”〔图1〕;(2)光束倾斜入射到波导上的纵向耦合器、包括棱镜、光栅、和劈形波导耦台器,通常波导只有微米的数量级.横向耦合器要求光束高度聚焦和仔细对准.截面上波导部分难于加工到很高的光洁度,有时虽利用晶体的解理面,仍要引起过量的光散射、劈形耦合器作为输入耦合器时,效率也只有20—40%,这两种方法只有找不到高折射率的棱镜材料才被迫使用,只要在整个耦合区域
Current research involves the field of integrated optics, the need to couple the laser beam into the optical waveguide, or to guide the waveguide from the waveguide coupled to the coupling method is divided into two categories: (1) the beam focused to the optical waveguide (2) Longitudinal couplers whose beams are obliquely incident on the waveguides, including prisms, gratings, and wave-guide couplers, are usually used only for waveguide Micron order of magnitude Lateral couplers require a high degree of beam focusing and careful alignment of the waveguide section of the cross-section difficult to process to a high finish, sometimes using the crystal cleavage plane, still cause excessive light scattering, split coupler as Input coupler, the efficiency is only 20-40%, both methods can not find the high refractive index prism material was forced to use, as long as the entire coupling area