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[提示]在古汉语里,名词、动词、形容词、数词等在不同的语境中,可按照一定的语言习惯加以灵活运用,即这类词可临时用作其他类词,这种现象叫词类活用。词类活用的内容较多,比较复杂,大类之下有小类,小类之下有细类,概括说,主要有下面的一些情况。1．名词的活用:(1)活用为一般动词,如“非能水也”中的“水”释作“游水、游泳”,名词用作动词。(2)活用为使动词,如“先破秦入咸阳者王之”中的“王”释作“使……为王”,使动用法。(3)活用为意动词,如“稍稍宾客其父”中的“宾客”释作“把……当作宾客”,意动用法。(4)活用为状语,如“卒廷见相如”的“廷”原为名词,指朝堂,而这里用于动词“见”的前面成为状语,释作“在朝堂上”,具有副词性,表示动作、行为发生的地点。
[Prompt] In ancient Chinese, nouns, verbs, adjectives, and numerals etc. can be used flexibly according to certain language habits in different contexts, that is, such words can be temporarily used as other class words. This phenomenon is called Word classes are used. The use of words has many contents and is more complex. There are subcategories under the major categories and subcategories under the subcategories. In summary, there are mainly the following situations. 1. The utilisation of nouns: (1) Use is a common verb. For example, “water” in “non-energy water” is interpreted as “swimming and swimming”. The noun is used as a verb. (2) Use In order to make verbs, such as “King first break the Qin into the King of Xianyang,” “King” is interpreted as “make ... ... the king” and make use of it. (3) Intentional verbs, such as “guests” in “a little guest and his father,” are interpreted as “taking ...... as a guest”. (4) It is used as an adverbial term. For example, the “Ting”, which is called “Seeing the Truth between the Court and the Court,” was originally a noun, referring to the court, and the former used for the verb “to see” became an adverbial phrase, which was interpreted as “in the hall of the pilgrimage,” with adverbs. Sexuality indicates the place where the action or behavior occurred.