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免疫缺陷患者由于有特异性及非特异性免疫防御功能障碍,因此对各种感染的易感性增加。许多患者伴有各种急性、复发性或慢性呼吸道感染,这些感染甚至成为患者死亡的重要原因。原发性免疫缺陷多发生于婴幼儿,且早期即因呼吸道严重感染而死亡。但近年来随着抗菌素和免疫治疗的进展,病情较轻者,在成年患者中亦渐多见。此外在成年人中尤多见各种原因引起的继发性免疫缺陷,同样可以造成各种感染性肺部疾病。但是这些肺部病变并无显著的特征,临床医师需要应用免疫学方法,尽早作出正确诊断,以便及时治疗。
Patients with immunodeficiency are more susceptible to various infections due to their specific and nonspecific immune defenses. Many patients with a variety of acute, recurrent or chronic respiratory infections, these infections have even become an important cause of death in patients. Primary immunodeficiency occurs in infants and young children, and early deaths due to severe respiratory tract infection. However, with the progress of antibiotics and immunotherapy in recent years, the less severe cases are also more common in adult patients. In addition, it is more common in adults to see secondary immunodeficiency caused by various reasons, can also cause a variety of infectious lung disease. However, these lung lesions have no significant features, clinicians need to use immunological methods, as soon as possible to make the correct diagnosis for timely treatment.