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马铃薯由原产地传播到世界各地普遍种植后,人们相继发现马铃薯的退化。马铃薯退化是由于某些品种的种性、病毒感染及其与外界环境因素相互作用的结果。而病毒的侵染是退化的直接外因。病毒病具有系统侵染的特点,马铃薯一旦感染,就会传染给整个营养器官,经过无性繁殖代代相传。只要外界条件适宜,病毒发展很快,随着病毒浓度的增加,叶片含水量、含氧量、叶绿素含量和酶的活性逐步下降,光合强度和呼吸强度下降,正常代谢受到干扰,产量逐年降低,品质变劣,甚至毫无收成。而脱毒技术的成熟及脱毒种薯在生产上的应用,使得马铃薯的产量迅速提高,为马铃薯产业的发展提供了一条捷径。
Potato spread from the country of origin to the rest of the world after planting, people have found the degradation of potatoes. Potato degradation is due to the speciation of some species, the virus infection and its interaction with external environmental factors. The virus infection is the direct cause of degradation. Virus disease has the characteristics of systemic infection, once the potato is infected, it will be transmitted to the entire vegetative organs, after asexual reproduction handed down from generation to generation. As long as the external conditions are favorable, the virus develops rapidly. With the increase of the virus concentration, the leaf water content, oxygen content, chlorophyll content and enzyme activity are gradually decreased, photosynthetic and respiration intensity is decreased, the normal metabolism is disturbed, the yield is reduced year by year, Poor quality, there is no harvest. The maturity of detoxification technology and the application of virus-free seed in the production, making the potato yield increased rapidly, providing a shortcut for the development of the potato industry.