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2010—2011年春季,在吉林省中部玉米主产区开展春玉米水分胁迫和分期播种双处理试验,分析玉米出苗率和产量对土壤水分胁迫的反应,建立基于气象条件的玉米出苗率和干旱减产评估模式.结果表明:研究期间,研究区春玉米出苗率和单产与0~20 cm土壤湿度和土壤有效水含量的关系均呈显著的二次函数关系,耕层土壤水分越充足,玉米出苗率和产量越高,干旱明显降低玉米出苗率和产量.土壤湿度在22%~24%或土壤有效水量在50~65mm,玉米出苗率和产量较高;土壤湿度<19%或土壤有效水量<35 mm,玉米出苗率和产量明显下降.土壤湿度每下降1%,出苗率下降约6%,产量降低约7%;耕层有效水量每减少10mm,玉米出苗率降低约13%,减产约14%.本文所设指标和模式可用于玉米出苗率和干旱减产的评估与预测.
Spring 2010-2011, spring maize in central Jilin Province to carry out spring maize water stress and seeding double treatment trials to analyze the corn emergence and yield response to soil water stress, the establishment of weather-based maize emergence rate and drought reduction Evaluation model.The results showed that during the study period, the relationship between spring maize emergence rate and yield per unit area and 0-20 cm soil moisture and soil available water content showed a significant quadratic function relationship, the soil moisture was more sufficient, the emergence rate of maize And the higher the yield, the lower the maize emergence rate and yield. The soil moisture was between 22% and 24% or the soil available water was between 50 and 65mm, the emergence rate and yield of maize were higher. The soil moisture was less than 19% or the soil effective water was less than 35 mm, corn emergence rate and yield decreased significantly.When the soil moisture decreased by 1%, the germination rate decreased by about 6% and the yield decreased by about 7%. The corn emergence rate decreased by about 13% and the yield by about 14% The indicators and models presented in this article can be used to assess and predict maize emergence rates and drought cuttings.