单壁碳纳米管具有完美的一维纳米结构、良好的导电性和电子弹道输运特性,被认为是新一代电子学器件的重要基础材料.作者介绍了两种构筑基于单壁碳纳米管的功能化场效应晶体管的策略,使用纳米刻蚀法可以制备稳定的功能化单分子器件,使用表面化学修饰法则提供了发展新型纳米传感器件的简易途径.针对分子与电极间的非欧姆接触问题,作者着重介绍了制备羧基功能化单壁碳纳米管点电极的普适性方法,并将导电分子通过酰胺键共价嵌入碳纳米管电极之间,从而制备稳定的单分子电子器件.这一体系为发展无需标记、高选择性的快速单分子检测方法提供了机会,在实际的工业应用及基础科学研究中都具有广阔的应用前景. Single-walled carbon nanotubes with perfect one-dimensional nanostructures, good electrical conductivity and electronic ballistic transport properties, is considered as a new generation of electronic devices an important basis for the material.The author introduces two kinds of structures based on single-walled carbon nanotubes Functionalized field-effect transistor, a stable functionalized monomolecular device can be prepared by nano-etching method and a simple way of developing a new type of nano-sensor device can be provided by using surface chemical modification rules.Aiming at the non-ohmic contact between molecule and electrode, The author focuses on the universal method of preparing carboxyl-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube point electrodes and covalently inserting conducting molecules between carbon nanotube electrodes through amide bonds to prepare stable single-molecule electronic devices. It provides an opportunity to develop rapid single molecule detection without marking and high selectivity, and has broad application prospects in practical industrial applications and basic scientific research.