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伴随着改革开放的步伐,铁路多种经营经历了从无到有,从零星到规模,从单一到全方位多元发展的历程,“七·五”期间,铁路多种经营的销售收入年递增86.3%,实际利润年递增75.1%的速度迅猛发展。目前,销售收入已达运营收入的1/5以上,实现利润达运营实现利润的1/3左右,为铁路由单一生产型向生产经营型转化做出了突出贡献。然而,随着深化改革铁路多种经营现有的机制是否完全适应改革的要求?值得思考、研究。一.铁路多种经营的产生及其经营机制企业的多种经营可概言:为某一市场提供财物和劳务的企业,又进入其它市场。铁路多种经营是被铁路实现“大包干”这种特定环境的产物:处于全国特大企业的铁路面临着运量连年增加,运能严重不足,基建大修任务繁重,人员不断增长,因为国家对生产、生活物资价格放开,造成运
Accompanying the pace of reform and opening up, the diversified operation of railway experienced a journey from scratch, from sporadic to scale and from single to all-round and pluralistic development. During the “Seventy-Five” period, the railway diversified sales revenue year An increase of 86.3%, the actual profit growth of 75.1% annual rate of rapid development. At present, the sales revenue has reached more than one-fifth of operating income, achieving profits of about one-third of the operating profit, making a significant contribution to the railway from a single production to production and management transformation. However, with deepening the reform of the railway diversification existing mechanism is fully adapted to the requirements of reform? Worth considering, research. I. The Multiple Operation of Railway and Its Operating Mechanism Various operations of enterprises may be summarized: Enterprises that provide goods and services to a certain market enter into other markets. Railway diversified operations are the result of the railway’s “big package” environment: the railways in the large enterprises in the country are facing a year-on-year increase in transport capacity, a serious shortage of transport capacity, heavy infrastructure overhauls, and a continual increase in personnel as countries On the production, living supplies price liberalization, resulting in transport