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目的分析抗精神病类药物中毒的常见原因、症状、治疗及防范措施。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对我院2000年1月—2009年12月收治住院的91例抗精神病类药物中毒的病例进行临床分析。结果引起抗精神病类药物中毒的常见原因:自杀55例(占60.44%),用药不当21例(占23.08%),误服15例(占16.48%)全是儿童。主要临床表现包括呕吐、意识障碍、低血压、椎体外系反应、低体温等。治疗措施包括洗胃、催吐、导泻、输液、利尿、维持血压、镇静、兴奋呼吸中枢等对症治疗。治愈64例(70.33%),好转27例(29.67%)。结论自杀、用药不当、误服是抗精神病类药物中毒的主要原因,表现为中枢神经系统障碍和心血管系统异常等,治疗措施为阻止吸收、促进排泄及对症治疗等,防范措施包括加强心理疏导、提高对精神疾病的认识并妥善保管药物。
Objective To analyze the common causes, symptoms, treatments and preventive measures of antipsychotic drug poisoning. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 91 cases of antipsychotic poisoning admitted to our hospital from January 2000 to December 2009. Results The common causes of antipsychotic poisoning were 55 cases of suicide (60.44%), 21 cases of inappropriate medication (23.08%) and 15 cases (16.48%) of sufferers were all children. The main clinical manifestations include vomiting, disturbance of consciousness, hypotension, extrapyramidal reactions, hypothermia and so on. Therapeutic measures include gastric lavage, vomiting, catharsis, infusion, diuretic, maintaining blood pressure, sedation, and other sympathetic respiratory center. 64 cases were cured (70.33%), improved in 27 cases (29.67%). Conclusions Suicide, improper medication and misdiagnosis are the main causes of antipsychotic drug poisoning. The symptoms are central nervous system disorders and cardiovascular system abnormalities. The treatment measures are to prevent absorption, promote excretion and symptomatic treatment, and preventive measures include strengthening psychological counseling , Raise awareness of mental illnesses and keep drugs safe.