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运用因子分析、聚类分析及相关分析等多种多元统计分析方法对长江与黄河表层沉积物化学成分进行的分析表明，长江与黄河沉积物的常量与微量元素组成具有显著差异。除Ｃａ，Ｎａ，Ｓｒ，Ｂａ，Ｔｈ，Ｚｒ，Ｈｆ等元素外，长江相对富大多数常量及微量元素。表生环境中元素具有不同的迁移、富集规律，多数元素主要以吸附态搬运而在粘土中富集，而Ｃａ，Ｎａ，Ｓｒ，Ｚｒ，Ｈｆ及一些重稀土元素则在粗粒级中含量较高。元素活动性也存在明显差异。元素在表生环境中地球化学行为的不同主要受化学结构特征控制。
Using multivariate statistical analysis methods such as factor analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis, the chemical composition of surface sediments in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River shows that there are significant differences between the sediments in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. Except Ca, Na, Sr, Ba, Th, Zr, Hf and other elements, the Yangtze River is relatively rich in most of the major and trace elements. In the epiphytic environment, the elements have different migration and enrichment laws. Most of the elements are mainly transported in the adsorption state and enriched in the clay. However, the content of Ca, Na, Sr, Zr, Hf and some heavy rare earth elements in the coarse fraction Higher. There are also significant differences in elemental activity. The difference in the geochemical behavior of the elements in epigenetic environments is mainly controlled by the chemical structure characteristics.