一民主转型对经济增长有积极作用吗?这个问题是很难回答的,难在一个事实,即革命往往在民主转型之前发生,而这些革命不大可能是外生性的,而是由于一个国家特定的发展动荡所致。简而言之,表现不好的独裁者更可能被赶下台。这也许在东欧国家和前苏联最为明显。在那里,1980年代的缓慢增长强化了人民的变革要求,使得维持之前的体系成本过高。但是,这样的事情并不鲜见:在1985年转型前,巴西遭受了三年的支付平 Is it a questionable answer to the question of whether a democratic transition has a positive effect on economic growth? It is difficult to answer the fact that revolutions often precede the transition to democracy, which are less likely to be exogenous but rather result from a country-specific The development of turmoil caused. In short, underperforming dictators are more likely to be ousted. This may be most obvious in Eastern European countries and the former Soviet Union. There, the slow growth of the 1980s reinforced the people’s demand for change, making the cost of maintaining the previous system too high. However, such a thing is not uncommon: before the transformation in 1985, Brazil suffered a three-year payout