我国原发性肝癌的人群病死率位居恶性肿瘤的第3位，是重要的卫生健康问题。外科手术一直是早期肝癌的首选治疗方式，也是部分中晚期肝癌的可选治疗方式。最近几年肝癌药物治疗获得重要进展，人们已开始探索药物治疗进入早期和中期领域，与现有的治疗手段结合。现重点讨论外科治疗和药物治疗存在的问题，以及二者结合的方式和对未来肝癌治疗格局的影响。“,”In China, the mortality rate of primary liver cancer ranks third among malignant tumors, so it is an imperative health issue. Surgery has always been an ideal treatment for early liver cancer, and an alternative treatment for some intermediate and advanced stage liver cancers. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the treatment of liver cancer, and relevant experts have begun to combine existing treatment methods into the early and intermediate-stage to explore drug treatment methods. Here, we will discuss the surgical and drug treatment issues, as well as the combination of the both, and their impact on future liver cancer treatment models.