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收入不公是公众对我国收入不平等不满的最重要原因,而垄断行业高收入是当下诸多收入不公正现象的典型。客观地讲,并非所有垄断行业高收入都是不合理的,因从业人员的受教育程度差异产生的教育回报差异在一定范围内是合理的。需要在考虑职工教育、工龄等因素的基础之上测量和分析垄断行业的高收入问题。本文通过分解的方法,在收入平均水平与收入分布上,将垄断行业与竞争行业之间的工资差距分解为合理和不合理两部分。结果发现,在平均水平上,垄断企业与竞争企业之间平均工资之差的近1/2均为不合理的,系垄断所致。从不同收入水平看,随着收入分位数的提高,垄断行业和竞争行业的收入差距逐渐增大。在10%、50%和90%三个分位点上,垄断行业收入比竞争行业分别高出9.4%、52%和60.6%。收入差距中不合理部分的比重,同样随着分位数的上升而上升;在此三个分位点上,不合理部分的比重分别是26%、71%和72%。本文的数据为企业-职工匹配数据,同时包括了职工个人属性与职工所在企业两个方面的信息,克服了遗漏变量的问题,使垄断行业高收入中不合理部分的估计值更加可靠。
The unfair income is the most important reason why the public is dissatisfied with the income inequality in our country. The high income in monopoly industries is typical of many unjust incomes nowadays. Objectively speaking, not all high-income monopoly industries are unreasonable, due to differences in educational attainment of employees education differences generated within a certain range is reasonable. Need to consider the staff education, length of service and other factors based on the measurement and analysis of high-income monopoly industries. This dissertation decomposes the wage gap between monopoly industries and competitive industries into two parts, reasonable and unreasonable, on the average income and income distribution. The results showed that, on average, nearly half of the average wage difference between monopolies and competitors was irrational and monopolized. Judging from different income levels, with the increase of the quantile of income, the income gap between monopoly industries and competitive industries is gradually increasing. Monopoly revenues were 9.4%, 52% and 60.6% higher than those in the competition sectors at 10%, 50% and 90% respectively. The proportion of the unreasonable portion of the income gap also rose with the increase of the quantile. At these three points, the proportions of the unreasonable portions were 26%, 71% and 72% respectively. The data in this paper is enterprise-employee matching data, which includes both personal attributes of employees and enterprises where the employees are located, overcoming the problem of missing variables and making the estimated value of the unreasonable parts of high-income monopoly industries more reliable.