The author of this article used sport sociology and sport comparative methods to study the difference “ of mass sport between China and Japan. The author considers that, in the development of mass sports, China and Japan once jiontly built the oriental system of health culture by way of mutual learning and communication. After the World WarⅡ, physical culture in Japan made progress both with great rapidity and in wide scope. In the nineties, China has ushered in a new period of reform and opening to the outside and worked out ”Programme for National Physical Training“ (PFNPT). Japan pushes forward its mass sports through legislation, while China position its PFNPT in activities of ”engineering moden“.Japan has had Sufficient funds,sport fields and other facilities available which China could not afford. The author of this article used sport sociology and sport comparative methods to study the difference ”of mass sport between China and Japan. The author considers that, in the development of mass sports, China and Japan once jiontly built the oriental system of health culture by way of mutual learning and communication. After the World WarⅡ, physical culture in Japan made progress with both with great rapidity and in wide scope. In the nineties, China has ushered in a new period of reform and opening to the outside and worked out “Program for National Physical Training” (PFNPT). Japan pushes forward its mass sports through legislation, while China position its PFNPT in activities of “engineering moden”. Japan has had Sufficient funds, sport fields and other facilities available which China could not afford.