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分子生物学的发展使临床诊断水平有了不断提高,诊断范围也在不断扩大中,特别是灵敏度已可达到(10—12克)pg甚至到分子水平。已往测定病原体的经典方法是显微镜直接观察,病原体的培养或是对敏感细胞的培养,或是以动物作为宿主感染,这些方法耗时多而且不敏感,新的免疫诊断方法大大缩短了时间,并提高了对病原体检测的敏感性,但这些技术还存在一些问题: 1.有些疾病难以用酶或免疫诊断试剂检测出来,如一些生长慢的病原菌,如肺结核菌的检测,一般方法至少要六个星期,放射标记必需要二个星期以上,遗传病则更难用一般诊断方法检测出来。
The development of molecular biology to clinical diagnosis has been continuously improved, the scope of diagnosis is also expanding, especially the sensitivity has been achieved (10-12 grams) pg even to the molecular level. The classical methods used to determine pathogens in the past were microscopic observation, pathogen cultivation or culture of sensitive cells, or animal-based infection. These methods are time-consuming and insensitive, and the new immunodiagnostic method greatly reduces the time and However, these techniques still have some problems: 1. Some diseases are difficult to detect with enzyme or immunodiagnostic reagents. For example, some slow-growing pathogens, such as the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis, should be at least six Weeks, radiolabels must take more than two weeks, genetic disease is more difficult to detect using the general diagnostic method.