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目的:探讨miRNA-296-5p介导第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶张力蛋白同源物/磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/丝氨酸蛋白激酶(PTEN/PI3K/AKT)信号通路发挥抑制神经细胞SK-N-SH中肠道病毒71型(EV71)病毒复制的作用机制。方法:收集临床EV71病毒感染手足口病患儿及正常体检儿的血清样本，采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测两组儿童血清炎症因子降钙素原(PCT)、CRP、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-13的表达变化。取对数生长期经EV71病毒感染的人神经母细胞瘤SK-N-SH细胞，设置对照组、miRNA-296-5p mimic组和miRNA-296-5p inhibitor组，根据Lipofectaminen ? 2000?细胞转染试剂进行转染。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法观察三组细胞中EV71-VP1病毒基因mRNA和蛋白以及PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路相关分子表达。n 结果:ELISA检测结果表明EV71病毒感染手足口病患儿血清炎症因子PCT、CRP、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-13的水平明显高于正常体检儿(n P<0.05)。qRT-RCR和Western blot结果显示EV71病毒感染后神经细胞SK-N-SH中miRNA-296-5p和PTEN的mRNA和蛋白水平明显降低，而EV71-VP1和PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路相关分子的mRNA和蛋白水平明显升高(n P<0.05)；miRNA-296-5p mimic组中PTEN表达明显升高，同时抑制EV71-VP1的表达和PI3K/AKT信号通路的活化，而miRNA-296-5p inhibitor组可逆转上述作用(n P<0.05)。n 结论:miRNA-296-5p通过靶向PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制神经细胞SK-N-SH中EV71病毒的复制，同时降低细胞炎症反应，靶向miRNA-296-5p及其下游PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路有望为临床EV71病毒导致的手足口病治疗提供可行的治疗靶点。“,”Objective:To investigate whether miRNA-296-5p can inhibit enterovirus 71 (EV71) virus replication in neural cells SK-N-SH by targeting the phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine kinases (AKT) signaling pathway.Methods:Serum samples were collected from patients with EV71 virus-infected hand-foot-mouth disease and normal physical examination, and the expressions of serum inflammatory factors procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) , interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and IL-13 were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells infected by EV71 virus in logarithmic growth phase were set up as control group, miRNA-296-5p mimic group and miRNA-296-5p inhibitor group. The transfection was carried out according to the Lipofectamine 2000tm cell transfection reagent. The expression of EV71-VP1 gene mRNA and protein and PTEN/PI3K/Akt signal pathway related molecules in three groups of cells was observed by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot.Results:ELISA test results showed that the levels of serum inflammatory factors PCT, CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-13 in patients with EV71 virus-infected hand, foot and mouth disease were significantly higher than those in normal physical examination (n P<0.05). The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot showed that the mRNA and protein levels of mirna-296-5p and PTEN in SK-N-SH were significantly decreased after EV71 virus infection, while the mRNA and protein levels of EV71-VP1 and molecules related to PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were significantly increased (n P<0.05). The expression of PTEN was significantly increased in the miRNA-296-5p mimic group, and the expression of EV71-VP1 and the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were inhibited, while the effect was reversed in the miRNA-296-5p inhibitor group (n P<0.05).n Conclusions:MiRNA-296-5p inhibits the replication of EV71 virus in neural cells SK-N-SH by targeting the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, while reducing the cellular inflammatory response, targeting miRNA-296-5p and downstream PTEN/PI3K/AKT The signal pathway is expected to provide therapeutic targets and theoretical basis for the treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease caused by clinical EV71 virus.