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胰腺癌早期症状及诊断缺乏特异性,治疗效果不佳。手术切除是现阶段唯一能治愈胰腺癌的手段,但疑诊此病时,多数已处于进展期,肿瘤已转移或超出手术切除范围,所以预防胰腺癌的发生和提高早期诊断率尤为重要。胰腺癌的高危因素包括男性、高龄、长期吸烟、酗酒、饮咖啡、糖尿病、慢性胰腺炎、遗传因素、肥胖、非家族性高血脂、高热量饮食、职业暴露等。多项研究表明胰腺癌的发生与K-ras基因突变密切相关,且在具有高易感性患者中k-ras突变率很高。本文就检测K-ras突变对胰腺癌的诊断价值、癌前病变中的K-ras突变情况及高危因素与K-ras突变发生的关系作一综述。
The early symptoms and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer lack specificity, poor treatment. Surgical resection is the only way to cure pancreatic cancer at the present stage. However, when the disease is suspected, most of them are in advanced stage. The tumor has metastasized or surpassed the scope of resection. Therefore, it is especially important to prevent the occurrence of pancreatic cancer and improve the early diagnosis rate. High risk factors for pancreatic cancer include men, old age, long-term smoking, alcohol abuse, drinking coffee, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, genetic factors, obesity, non-familial hyperlipidemia, high-calorie diet, occupational exposure. A number of studies have shown that the occurrence of pancreatic cancer and K-ras gene mutations are closely related, and in patients with high susceptibility k-ras mutation rate is high. This article reviews the diagnostic value of K-ras mutations in pancreatic cancer, K-ras mutation in precancerous lesions and the relationship between risk factors and K-ras mutation.